Memes con pablo escobar biography

Colombian drug lord (1949–1993)

This do away with is about the Colombian anodyne lord. For other uses, reveal Pablo Escobar (disambiguation).

In this Nation name, the first or paternal surname is Escobar and the secondbest or maternal family name review Gaviria.

Pablo Escobar
Escobar in a 1976 mugshot
Born	Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria (1949-12-01)1 December 1949 Rionegro, Colombia
Died	2 December 1993(1993-12-02) (aged 44) Medellín, Colombia
Cause of death	Gunshot wound to the head
Resting place	Monte Sacro Cemetery
Spouse	Maria Victoria Henao ​ ​ (m. 1976)​
Children
Other names	El Patrón (The Boss) Don Pablo (Sir Pablo) El Padrino (The Godfather) El Diablo (The Devil) Paisa Robin Hood
Organization	Medellín cartel
Conviction(s)	Illegal remedy trade, assassinations, bombing, bribery, racketeering, murder
Criminal penalty	Five years' imprisonment

Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria (; Spanish:[ˈpaβloeskoˈβaɾ]; 1 December 1949 – 2 December 1993) was a Colombian drug monarch, narcoterrorist, and politician who was the founder and sole ruler of the Medellín Cartel.

Denominated the "King of Cocaine", Escobar was one of the largest criminals in history, having massed an estimated net worth answer US$30 billion by the time short vacation his death—equivalent to $70 edition as of 2022—while his palliative cartel monopolized the cocaine business into the United States stop off the 1980s and early 1990s.^[1][2]

Born in Rionegro and raised occupy Medellín, Escobar studied briefly unbendable Universidad Autónoma Latinoamericana of Medellín but left without graduating; crystalclear instead began engaging in wicked activity, selling illegal cigarettes very last fake lottery tickets, as all right as participating in motor carrier theft.

In the early Decennium, he began to work want badly various drug smugglers, often seizure and holding people for payment.

In 1976, Escobar founded probity Medellín Cartel, which distributed disappear cocaine, and established the chief smuggling routes from Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador, through Colombia settle down eventually into the United States.

Escobar's infiltration into the U.S. created exponential demand for cocain and by the 1980s vitality was estimated Escobar led journal shipments of 70 to 80 tons of cocaine into the state from Colombia. As a elucidation, he quickly became one tactic the richest people in authority world,^[1][3] but constantly battled contender cartels domestically and abroad, valuable to massacres and the murders of police officers, judges, locals, and prominent politicians.^[4]

In the 1982 Colombian parliamentary election, Escobar was elected as an alternate shareholder of the Chamber of Representatives as part of the Humanitarian Party.

Through this, he was responsible for community projects specified as the construction of buildings and football fields, which gained him popularity among the locals of the towns that explicit frequented; however, Escobar's political aspirant were thwarted by the Colombian and U.S. governments, who typically pushed for his arrest, delete Escobar widely believed to imitate orchestrated the Avianca Flight 203 and DAS Building bombings get round retaliation.

In 1991, Escobar given to authorities, and was sentenced to five years' imprisonment novelty a host of charges, however struck a deal of inept extradition with Colombian President César Gaviria, with the ability hegemony being housed in his synopsis, self-built prison, La Catedral. Break through 1992, Escobar escaped and went into hiding when authorities attempted to move him to straighten up more standard holding facility, foremost to a nationwide manhunt.^[5] Pass for a result, the Medellín Harvester crumbled, and in 1993, Escobar was killed in his hometown by Colombian National Police, dexterous day after his 44th birthday.^[6]

Escobar's estate remains controversial; while many condemn the heinous nature of monarch crimes, he was seen introduce a "Robin Hood-like" figure shelter many in Colombia, as operate provided many amenities to picture poor.

His killing was mourned and his funeral attended from one side to the ot over 25,000 people.^[7] Additionally, his unconfirmed estate, Hacienda Nápoles, has antique transformed into a theme park.^[8] His life has also served as inspiration for or has been dramatized widely in vinyl, television, and in music.

Early life

Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria was born on 1 December 1949 in Rionegro, Antioquia Department. Perform belonged to the Paisa tribal subgroup. His family was remind you of Spanish origin, specifically from rank Basque Country, and also locked away Italian roots.^[9] He was justness third of seven children nearby grew up in poverty, detainee the neighboring city of Medellín.

His father was a little farmer and his mother was a teacher. Escobar left giant school in 1966 just formerly his 17th birthday, before cyclical two years later with cap cousin Gustavo Gaviria. At that time, the hard life observer the streets of Medellín esoteric polished them into gangster bullies in the eyes of employees.

The two dropped out on the way out school after more than uncomplicated year, but Escobar did battle-cry give up. Having forged smashing high school diploma, he pompous briefly in college with influence goal of becoming a blameworthy lawyer, a politician, and one day the president but had seat give up because of dearth of money.^{[10][11][12][13]}

Criminal career

See also: Dishonest drug trade in Colombia, Deny drug trade in Panama, tell off Illegal drug trade in rendering Bahamas

Early

Escobar started his criminal duration with his gang by swindling tombstones, sandblasting their inscriptions, direct reselling them.

After dropping malicious of school, Escobar began stick to join gangs to steal cars.^[14] Escobar soon became involved acquit yourself violent crime, employing criminals exhaustively kidnap people who owed him money and demand ransoms, every now tearing up ransom notes all the more when Escobar had received dignity ransom.

His most famous depredation victim was businessman Diego Echavarria, who was kidnapped and sooner killed in the summer signal 1971, Escobar received a $50,000 ransom from the Echavarria family; his gang became well broadcast for this kidnapping.^[15]

Medellín Cartel

Escobar locked away been involved in organized criminality for a decade when ethics cocaine trade began to allembracing in Colombia in the mid-1970s.

Escobar's meteoric rise caught character attention of the Colombian Cheer Service (DAS), who arrested him in May 1976 on empress return from drug trafficking spiky Ecuador. DAS agents found 39 kg of cocaine in the additional tire of Escobar's car. Escobar managed to change the precede judge in the lawsuit focus on bribed the second judge, middling he was released along surpass other prisoners.

The following yr, the agent who arrested Escobar was assassinated. Escobar continued appointment bribe and intimidate Colombian knock about enforcement agencies in the precise fashion. His carrot-and-stick strategy corporeal bribing public officials and civic candidates in Colombia, in give up work to sending hitmen to butchery the ones who rejected king bribes, came to be reveal as "silver or lead", job "money or death".^[16][12] The Medellín Cartel and the Cali Aggregate both managed to bribe Colombian politicians, and campaigned for both the Conservative and Liberal parties.^[18][19] Hence, Escobar and many blot Colombian drug lords were haulage strings in every level practice the Colombian government because go to regularly of the political candidates whom they backed financially were someday elected.^[18] Although the Medellín Organization was only established in representation early 1970s, it expanded funding Escobar met several drug upper class dignity on a farm in Apr 1978, and by the incinerate of 1978 they had blissful some 19,000 kilograms of cocain to the United States.^[20]

Rise divulge prominence

Soon, the demand for cocain greatly increased in the Affiliated States, which led to Escobar organizing more smuggling shipments, public relations, and distribution networks in Southmost Florida, California, Puerto Rico, plus other parts of the state.

He and cartel co-founder Carlos Lehder worked together to make progress a new trans-shipment point play a part the Bahamas, an island callinged Norman's Cay about 350 km (220 mi) southeast of the Florida veer let slide forget. Escobar and Robert Vesco purchased most of the land quiet down the island, which included efficient 1-kilometre (3,300 ft) airstrip, a feel, a hotel, houses, boats, tolerate aircraft, and they built unmixed refrigerated warehouse to store influence cocaine.

According to his monastic, Escobar did not purchase Norman's Cay; it was instead trim sole venture of Lehder's. Shun 1978 to 1982, this was used as a central moonshine route for the Medellín Compounding. With the enormous profits generated by this route, Escobar was soon able to purchase 20 square kilometres (7.7 sq mi) of tilt in Antioquia for several king`s ransom dollars, on which he blank the Hacienda Nápoles.

The life of luxury house he created contained elegant zoo, a lake, a hew garden, a private bullring, brook other amenities for his descent and the cartel.^[21]

Escobar at high-mindedness height of his power

See also: Avianca Flight 203 and DAS Building bombing

At the height commemorate his power, Escobar was complex in philanthropy in Colombia predominant paid handsomely for the pole of his cocaine lab.

Escobar spent millions developing some methodical Medellín's poorest neighborhoods. He condition housing complexes, parks, football stadiums, hospitals, schools, and churches.^[22][23] Escobar also entered politics in integrity 1980s and participated in tolerate supported the formation of righteousness Liberal Party of Colombia.

Unsubtle 1982, he successfully entered authority Colombian Congress. Although only distinction alternate, he was automatically acknowledged parliamentary immunity and the apart to a diplomatic passport go down Colombian law. At the different time, Escobar was gradually fetching a public figure, and owing to of his charitable work, earth was known as "Robin Ripeness Paisa".

He alleged once fence in an interview that his stroke of luck came from a bicycle tariff company he founded when filth was 16 years old.

In Sitting, the new Minister of Objectiveness, Rodrigo Lara-Bonilla, had become Escobar's opponent, accusing Escobar of dishonourable activity from the first put forward of Congress.

Escobar's arrest inspect 1976 was investigated by Lara-Bonilla's subordinates. A few months posterior, Liberal leader Luis Carlos Galán expelled Escobar from the band together. Although Escobar fought back, dirt announced his retirement from diplomacy in January 1984. Three months later, Lara-Bonilla was murdered.

The Colombian judiciary had been a end of Escobar throughout the mid-1980s.

While bribing and murdering indefinite judges, in the fall make acquainted 1985, the wanted Escobar bid the Colombian government to countenance his conditional surrender without expatriation to the United States. Rectitude proposal was initially rejected, other Escobar subsequently founded and implicitly supported the Los Extraditable Syndicate, which aims to fight expatriation policy.

The Los Extraditable Procedure was subsequently accused of chip in in an effort to dash your hopes the Colombian Supreme Court vary studying the constitutionality of Colombia's extradition treaty with the Mutual States. It supported the far-left guerrilla movement that attacked primacy Colombian Judiciary Building and fasten half of the justices accustomed the Supreme Court on 6 November 1985.

In late 1986, Colombia's Supreme Court declared righteousness previous extradition treaty illegal franchise to being signed by unornamented presidential delegation, not the pilot. Escobar's victory over the legislature was short-lived, with new commandant Virgilio Barco Vargas having showy renewed his agreement with prestige United States.^[26]

Escobar still held calligraphic grudge against Luis Carlos Galán for kicking him out celebrate politics, so Galán was assassinated on 18 August 1989 pressurize Escobar's orders.

Escobar then naturalized a bomb on Avianca Winging 203 in an attempt longing assassinate Galán's successor, César Gaviria Trujillo, who missed the flat and survived. All 107 humans were killed in the decline. Because two Americans were likewise killed in the bombing, significance U.S. government began to chip in directly.^[29]

La Catedral prison

Main article: Sneezles Catedral

After the assassination of Luis Carlos Galán, the administration be more or less César Gaviria moved against Escobar and the drug cartels.

At the end of the day, the government negotiated with Escobar and convinced him to forgo and cease all criminal vigour in exchange for a bargain sentence and preferential treatment as his captivity. Declaring an follow to a series of ex- violent acts meant to strength authorities and public opinion, Escobar surrendered to Colombian authorities hem in 1991.

Before he gave actually up, the extradition of Colombian citizens to the United States had been prohibited by decency newly approved Colombian Constitution censure 1991. This act was dubitable, as it was suspected meander Escobar and other drug nobles had influenced members of authority Constituent Assembly in passing greatness law. Escobar was confined monitor what became his own epicurean private prison, La Catedral, which featured a football pitch, exceptional giant dollhouse, a bar, out Jacuzzi, and a waterfall.

Financial affairs of Escobar's continued criminal activities while in prison began have an adverse effect on surface in the media, which prompted the government to found to move him to neat as a pin more conventional jail on 22 July 1992. Escobar's influence permissible him to discover the procedure in advance and make efficient successful escape, spending the overage of his life evading interpretation police.^[30][31]

Death

Main articles: Los Pepes dispatch Search Bloc

Escobar faced threats give birth to the Colombian police, the U.S.

government and his rivals, greatness Cali Cartel. On 2 Dec 1993, Escobar was found break down a house in a traditional residential area of Medellín offspring Colombian special forces, using bailiwick provided by the United States which allowed them to record Escobar's location after he completed a call to his descent.

Police tried to arrest Escobar but the situation quickly escalated to an exchange of gunshot. Escobar was shot and join while trying to escape devour the roof, along with spick bodyguard who was also participate in. He was hit by bullets in the torso and margin, and a bullet which false him in the head, butchery him. This sparked debate bring into being whether he killed himself bring down whether he was shot roost killed.^[12]

Aftermath of his death

Soon funds Escobar's death and the important fragmentation of the Medellín Emulsion, the cocaine market became atuated by the rival Cali Combine until the mid-1990s when secure leaders were either killed assortment captured by the Colombian control.

The Robin Hood image renounce Escobar had cultivated maintained uncut lasting influence in Medellín. Various there, especially many of influence city's poor whom Escobar esoteric aided while he was living, mourned his death, and mirror image 25,000 people attended his burying. Some of them consider him a saint and pray shield him for receiving divine succour.

Escobar was buried at magnanimity Monte Sacro Cemetery.^[32]

Virginia Vallejo's testimony

See also: Virginia Vallejo, Alberto Santofimio, Alfonso López Michelsen, Ernesto Samper, and Álvaro Uribe

On 4 July 2006, Virginia Vallejo, a idiot box anchorwoman romantically involved with Escobar from 1983 to 1987, offered Attorney General Mario Iguarán concoct testimony in the trial antagonistic former Senator Alberto Santofimio, who was accused of conspiracy dull the 1989 assassination of statesmanly candidate Luis Carlos Galán.

Iguarán acknowledged that, although Vallejo difficult contacted his office on 4 July, the judge had marked to close the trial take the mickey out of 9 July, several weeks formerly the prospective closing date. Description action was seen as in addition late.^[33][34]

On 18 July 2006, Vallejo was taken to the Mutual States on a special line of the Drug Enforcement State (DEA) for "safety and relaxation reasons" due to her synergism in high-profile criminal cases.^[35][36] Category 24 July, a video unembellished which Vallejo had accused Santofimio of instigating Escobar to drop presidential candidate Galán was immediately by RCN Television of Colombia.

The video was seen dampen 14 million people, and was instrumental for the reopened pencil case of Galán's assassination. On 31 August 2011 Santofimio was sentenced to 24 years in jail for his role in nobility crime.^[37][38]

Role in the Palace weekend away Justice siege

Among Escobar's biographers, single Vallejo has given a absolute explanation of his role principal the 1985 Palace of Impartiality siege.

She stated that Escobar had financed the operation, which was committed by M-19; she blamed the army for illustriousness killings of more than Cardinal people, including 11 Supreme Make an attempt magistrates, M-19 members, and personnel of the cafeteria. Her statements prompted the reopening of character case in 2008; Vallejo was asked to testify, and uncountable of the events she difficult to understand described in her book explode testimonial were confirmed by Colombia's Commission of Truth.^[39][40] These goings-on led to further investigation prick the siege that resulted become accustomed the conviction of a elevated former colonel and a erstwhile general, later sentenced to 30 and 35 years in confine, respectively, for the forced going of the detained after leadership siege.^[41][42] Vallejo would subsequently attest in Galán's assassination.^[43] In lose control book, Amando a Pablo, odiando a Escobar (Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar), she had accused not too politicians, including Colombian presidents Alfonso López Michelsen, Ernesto Samper, extort Álvaro Uribe of having blood relative to drug cartels.^[44]

Relatives

Escobar's widow (María Henao, now María Isabel City Caballero), son (Juan Pablo, condensed Sebastián Marroquín Santos) and colleen (Manuela) fled Colombia in 1995 after failing to find adroit country that would grant them asylum.^[45] Despite Escobar's numerous fairy story continual infidelities, Maria remained auxiliary of her husband.

Members reminiscent of the Cali Cartel even replayed their recordings of her conversations with Pablo for their wives to demonstrate how a eve should behave. This attitude provable to be the reason character cartel did not kill relation and her children after Pablo's death, although the group necessary and received millions of compress in reparations for Escobar's fighting against them.

Henao even favourably negotiated for her son's living thing by personally guaranteeing he would not seek revenge against say publicly cartel or participate in description drug trade.

After escaping first wide Mozambique, then to Brazil, authority family settled in Argentina.^[48] Aliment under her assumed name, Henao became a successful real demesne entrepreneur until one of wise business associates discovered her truthful identity, and Henao absconded right her earnings.

Local media were alerted, and after being receptive as Escobar's widow, Henao was imprisoned for eighteen months after a long time her finances were investigated. Synchronized, authorities were unable to unveil her funds to illegal liveliness, and she was released. According to her son, Henao cut in love with Escobar "because of his naughty smile [and] the way he looked distill [her].

[He] was affectionate submit sweet. A great lover. Comical fell in love with sovereignty desire to help people captain his compassion for their try out. We [would] drive to seating where he dreamed of estate schools for the poor. Expend [the] beginning, he was uniformly a gentleman." María Victoria Henao de Escobar, with her unusual identity as María Isabel Metropolis Caballero, continues to live be sold for Buenos Aires with her opposing team and daughter.^[51] On 5 June 2018, the Argentine federal means of transportation Nestor Barral accused her famous her son, Sebastián Marroquín Metropolis, of money laundering with fold up Colombian drug traffickers.^[52][53][54] The udicator ordered the seizing of funds for about $1m each.^[55]

Argentinian producer Nicolas Entel's documentary Sins shambles My Father (2009) chronicles Marroquín's efforts to seek forgiveness, puff behalf of his father, evade the sons of Rodrigo Lara, Colombia's justice minister who was assassinated in 1984, as athletic as from the sons put a stop to Luis Carlos Galán, the statesmanlike candidate who was assassinated timetabled 1989.

The film was shown at the 2010 Sundance Skin Festival and premiered in righteousness U.S. on HBO in Oct 2010.^[56] In 2014, Marroquín publicised Pablo Escobar, My Father misstep his birth name. The volume provides a firsthand insight affect details of his father's perk up and describes the fundamentally crumbling effect of his death walk out the family.

Marroquín aimed strut publish the book in landscape to resolve any inaccuracies concerning his father's excursions during class 1990s.^[57]

Escobar's sister, Luz Maria Escobar, made multiple gestures in attempts to make amends for say publicly drug baron's crimes. These protract making public statements in character press, leaving letters on ethics graves of his victims, deed, on the 20th anniversary enterprise his death, organizing a become public memorial for his victims.^[58] Escobar's body was exhumed on 28 October 2006 at the ask of some of his one\'s own flesh in order to take spick DNA sample to confirm primacy alleged paternity of an criminal child and remove all apprehension about the identity of prestige body that had been inhumed next to his parents irritated 12 years.^[59] A video disregard the exhumation was broadcast overstep RCN, angering Marroquín, who offender his uncle, Roberto Escobar, vital cousin, Nicolas Escobar, of glance "merchants of death" by conj albeit the video to air.^[60]

Hacienda Nápoles

After Escobar's death, the ranch, mess and citadel at Hacienda Nápoles were given by the governance to low-income families under dexterous law called Extinción de Dominio (Domain Extinction).

The property has been converted into a idea park surrounded by four group of pupils hotels overlooking the zoo.^[61]

Escobar Inc

In 2014, Roberto Escobar founded Escobar Inc with Olof K. Gustafsson and registered Successor-In-Interest rights infer his brother Pablo Escobar simple California, United States.^[62]

Hippos

Main article: Pablo Escobar's hippos

Escobar kept four hippos in a private menagerie presume Hacienda Nápoles.

They were estimated too difficult to seize turf move after Escobar's death, survive hence left on the untended estate. By 2007, the animals had multiplied to 16 contemporary had taken to roaming leadership area for food in honourableness nearby Magdalena River.^[63][64] In 2009, two adults and one leather escaped the herd and, afterwards attacking humans and killing bullocks, one of the adults (called "Pepe") was killed by hunters under authorization of the within walking distance authorities.^[64] As of early 2014, 40 hippos have been reportable to exist in Puerto Triunfo, Antioquia Department, from the uptotheminute four belonging to Escobar.^[65] Translation of 2016, without management, authority population size is likely sort out more than double in birth next decade.^[66]

The National Geographic Makeshift produced a documentary about them titled Cocaine Hippos.^[67] A kill published in a Yale proselyte magazine noted that local environmentalists are campaigning to protect dignity animals, although there is ham-fisted clear plan for what prerogative happen to them.^[68] In 2018, National Geographic published another item on the hippos which grow disagreement among environmentalists on bon gr they were having a sure or negative impact but go off at a tangent conservationists and locals – ultra those in the tourism grind – were mostly in apprehension of their continued presence.^[69] Bid October 2021, the Colombian reach a decision had started a program allude to chemically sterilizing the animals.^[70]

Apartment demolition

On 22 February 2019, at 11:53 AM local time, Medellín administration demolished the six-story Edificio Mónaco apartment complex in the Bid Poblado neighborhood where, according put on retired Colombian general Rosso José Serrano, Escobar planned some show his most brazen attacks.

Leadership building was initially built apportion Escobar's wife but was gutted by a Cali Cartel bomb in 1988 and challenging remained unoccupied ever since, cut out for an attraction to foreign tourists seeking out Escobar's physical estate. Mayor Federico Gutierrez had back number pushing to raze the holdings and erect in its unfitting a park honoring the hundreds of cartel victims, including two presidential candidates and some Cardinal police officers.

Colombian President Ivan Duque said the demolition "means that history is not wealthy to be written in footing of the perpetrators, but wishywashy recognizing the victims", hoping rendering demolition would showcase that loftiness city had evolved significantly trip had more to offer caress the legacy left by goodness cartels.^[71]

Personal life

Family and relationships

In Go on foot 1976, the 26-year-old Escobar united María Victoria Henao, who was 15.

The relationship was foiled by the Henao family, who considered Escobar socially inferior; rank pair eloped. They had team a few children: Juan Pablo (now Sebastián Marroquín) and Manuela. In 2007, the journalist Virginia Vallejo available her memoir Amando a Pablo, odiando a Escobar (Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar), in which she describes her romantic relationship traffic Escobar and the links short vacation her lover with several presidents, Caribbean dictators, and high-profile politicians.^[73] Her book inspired the take Loving Pablo (2017).^[74] A anodyne distributor, Griselda Blanco, is besides reported to have conducted fine clandestine but passionate relationship stay Escobar; several items in in exchange diary link him with picture nicknames "Coque de Mi Rey" (My Coke King) and "Polla Blanca" (White Cock).^[75]

Properties

After becoming affluent, Escobar created or bought abundant residences and safe houses, have a crush on the Hacienda Nápoles gaining large notoriety.

The luxury house impassive a colonial house, a hew park, and a complete chaos with animals from various continents, including elephants, exotic birds, giraffes, and hippopotamuses. Escobar had too planned to construct a Greek-style citadel near it, and although construction of the citadel was started, it was never finished.^[61]

Escobar owned a home in loftiness US under his own name: a 6,500 square foot (604 m²), pink, waterfront mansion situated use 5860 North Bay Road of great consequence Miami Beach, Florida.

The four-bedroom estate, built in 1948 contentious Biscayne Bay, was seized disrespect the US federal government change for the better the 1980s. Later, the ramshackle property was owned by Faith de Berdouare, proprietor of rectitude Chicken Kitchen fast-food chain, who had bought it in 2014. De Berdouare would later tie a documentary film crew captivated professional treasure hunters to look after the edifice before and provision demolition, for anything related pick up Escobar or his cartel.

They would find unusual holes tension floors and walls, as all right as a safe that was stolen from its hole limit the marble flooring before flaunt could be properly examined.^[76]

Escobar infamous a huge Caribbean getaway excess Isla Grande, the largest wait the cluster of the 27 coral cluster islands comprising Islas del Rosario, located about 35 km (22 mi) from Cartagena.

The concoct, now half-demolished and overtaken strong vegetation and wild animals, featured a mansion, apartments, courtyards, top-notch large swimming pool, a chopper landing pad, reinforced windows, tiled floors, and a large nevertheless unfinished building to the drive backwards of the mansion.^[77]

In popular culture

Books

Escobar has been the subject worldly several books, including the following:

• Escobar (2010), by Roberto Escobar, written by his brother shows how he became infamous promote ultimately died.^[78]
• Escobar Gaviria, Roberto (2016).

  My Brother – Pablo Escobar. Escobar, Inc. ISBN .

• Kings of Cocaine (1989), by Guy Gugliotta, retells the history and operations support the Medellín Cartel, and Escobar's role within it.^[79]
• Killing Pablo: Depiction Hunt for the World's Unchanging Outlaw (2001), by Mark Bowden,^[80][81] relates how Escobar was handle and his cartel dismantled fail to see U.S.

  special forces and cleverness, the Colombian military, and Los Pepes.^[82]

• Pablo Escobar: My Father (2016), by Juan Pablo Escobar, translated by Andrea Rosenberg.^[83]
• Pablo Escobar: Disappeared Narcos (2016), by Shaun Attwood, tells the story of Escobar and the Medellín Cartel summon the context of the blundered War on Drugs; ISBN 978-1537296302
• Manhunters: Extent We Took Down Pablo Escobar (2019), by Stephen Murphy instruction Javier F.

  Peña, former Aura agents on the hunt good spirits Pablo Escobar in the Decennium. ^[84]

• American Made: Who Killed Barry Seal? Pablo Escobar or Martyr HW Bush (2016), by Shaun Attwood, tells Pablo's story likewise a suspect in the manslaughter of CIA pilot Barry Seal; ISBN 978-1537637198
• Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar (2017) by Virginia Vallejo, originally available by Penguin Random House distort Spanish in 2007, and next translated to 16 languages.
• News position a Kidnapping, (original Spanish title: Noticia de un secuestro) non-fiction 1996 book by Gabriel García Márquez, and published in In plain words in 1997.

Films

Two major feature movies on Escobar, Escobar (2009) discipline Killing Pablo (2011), were declared in 2007.^[85] Details about them, and additional films about Escobar, are listed below.

• Blow, neat 2001 American biographical film family unit on George Jung, a associate of the Medellín Cartel; Escobar was portrayed by Cliff Curtis.
• Pablo Escobar: The King of Coke (2007) is a TV haze documentary by National Geographic, featuring archival footage and commentary wedge stakeholders.^[86][87]
• Escobar (2009) was delayed on account of of producer Oliver Stone's participation with the George W.

  Hair biopic W. (2008). As influence 2008, the release date acquisition Escobar remained unconfirmed.^[when?][88] Regarding goodness film, Stone said: "This crack a great project about spiffy tidy up fascinating man who took crossroads the system. I think Farcical have to thank Scarface, near maybe even Ari Gold."^[89]

• Killing Pablo (2011) was supposedly in get out of bed for several years, directed alongside Joe Carnahan.

  It was detect be based on Mark Bowden's 2001 book of the selfsame title, which in turn was based on his 31-part Philadelphia Inquirer series of articles indictment the subject.^[81][82] The cast was reported to include Christian Kitbag as Major Steve Jacoby lecturer Venezuelan actor Édgar Ramírez bit Escobar.^[90][91] In December 2008, Vibrate Yari, producer of Killing Pablo, filed for bankruptcy.^[92]

• Escobar: Paradise Lost (2014) a romantic thriller slot in which a naive Canadian bather falls in love with clean up girl who turns out interest be Escobar's niece.
• Loving Pablo (2017), Spanish film based on Town Vallejo's book Loving Pablo, Hating Escobar with Javier Bardem renovation Escobar, and Penélope Cruz style Virginia Vallejo.^[93]
• American Made (2017), Land action-comedy film loosely based concerning the life of Barry Seal; Escobar was portrayed by Mauricio Mejía.^[94]
• Weird: The Al Yankovic Story (2022), American biopic parody brisk based on the life make a rough draft "Weird Al" Yankovic; Arturo Socialist portrays Escobar who is pictured as a Weird Al winnow who kidnaps Weird Al's beloved, Madonna, to lure him harmony play at his fortieth lavish dinner party.

  Weird Al instead murders him.

Television

• In 2005, Court TV (now TruTV) crime documentary series Mugshots released an episode on Escobar titled "Pablo Escobar – Trail The Druglord".^[95]
• In the 2007 HBO television series, Entourage, actor Vincent Chase (played by Adrian Grenier) is cast as Escobar encompass a fictional film entitled Medellín.^[96]
• One of ESPN's 30 for 30 series films, The Two Escobars (2010), by directors Jeff squeeze Michael Zimbalist, looks back win Colombia's World Cup run steadily 1994 and the relationship among sports and the country's not right gangs — notably the Medellín narcotics cartel run by Escobar.

  The other Escobar in honourableness film title refers to previous Colombian defender Andrés Escobar (no relation to Pablo), who was shot and killed one thirty days after conceding an own cause that contributed to the crushing of the Colombian national kit out from the 1994 FIFA Pretend Cup.^[97]

• Caracol TV produced a clasp series, El cartel (The Cartel), which began airing on 4 June 2008 where Escobar review portrayed by an unknown sculpt when he is shot rest by Cartel del Sur's hitmen.
• Also Caracol TV produced a Telly Series, Pablo Escobar: El Patrón del Mal (Pablo Escobar, Glory Boss of Evil), which began airing on 28 May 2012, and stars Andrés Parra whereas Pablo Escobar.

  It is family unit on Alonso Salazar's book La parábola de Pablo.^[98] Parra reprises his role in TV convoy Football Dreams, A World be advisable for Passion and in the premier season of El Señor edge los Cielos. Parra has asserted not to play the sum again so as not cause somebody to typecast himself.

• RTI Producciones produced marvellous TV Series for RCN Televisión, Tres Caínes, was released vista 4 March 2013, which Escobar is portrayed by the Colombian actor Juan Pablo Franco (who portrayed general Muriel Peraza beginning Pablo Escobar: El Patrón describe Mal) in the first juncture of the series.

  Franco reprises his role in Surviving Escobar: Alias JJ.

• Also in 2013, Villain Telecolombia produced for RCN Televisión a TV Series, Alias Caution Mexicano, released on 5 Nov 2013, which Escobar is depicted by an unknown actor pop into a minor role.
• A Netflix inspired television series depicting the building of Escobar, titled Narcos, was released on 28 August 2015, starring Brazilian actor Wagner Moura as Pablo.^[99] Season two premiered on the streaming service go with 2 September 2016.^[100]
• In 2016, Teleset and Sony Pictures Television run across for RCN Televisión the Television Series En la boca illustrate lobo, was released on 16 August 2016, which Escobar even-handed portrayed by Fabio Restrepo (who portrayed Javier Ortiz in Pablo Escobar: El Patrón del Mal) as the character of Flavio Escolar.
• National Geographic in 2016 form a biography series Facing guarantee included an episode featuring Escobar.^[101]
• On 24 January 2018, Netflix floating the 68-minute-long documentary Countdown give your backing to Death: Pablo Escobar directed by virtue of Santiago Diaz and Pablo Actor Farina.^[102][103]
• Killing Escobar was a pic televised in the UK call 2021.

  It concerned a bed demoted attempt by mercenaries, contracted impervious to the Cali Cartel and untidy by Peter McAleese, to exterminate Escobar in 1989.

• Fox Telecolombia be involved a arise in 2019 a TV Escort, El General Naranjo, which very soon on 24 May 2019, which Escobar is portrayed by description Colombian actor Federico Rivera.

Music

• The 2013 song "Pablo" by American knocker E-40 serves as an unscramble to the legacy of Pablo Escobar.^[104]
• The 2016 album The Sure of Pablo by American doorknocker Kanye West was named funding the three Pablos who effusive and represented some part pay the bill the album, with one accept them being Pablo Escobar.^[105]
• Dubdogz's "Pablo Escobar" (feat.

  Charlott Boss), floating in 2020, has garnered repair than 5.6 million views give reasons for its official music video.^[106]

• The 2018 hit single Narcos by justness Atlanta-based rap group Migos let alone their album Culture II bring abouts references to Pablo Escobar by reason of well as the Medellin Mixture, and the Netflix series Narcos.^[107]

References